Recently, car bodies have become quite durable yet light. Electric appliances such as the microwave ovens have more sophisticated design and lighter weights, as well. One of the reasons is that the quality of the metal has been improved.
The properties of iron (Fe) can change when bits of other elements are added. For example, when a very small amount of carbon is added to iron, it becomes a hard metal known as carbon steel. The hardness changes depending on the amount of carbon. The addition of too much carbon makes a metal harder, but easier to break. In this way, we can create new kinds of metals with different properties by adding various elements to metals like iron.
Now, how can we measure the elements in a metal? We cannot see them from outside. When a metal is burned at a high temperature (such as several hundreds to over a thousand degrees Celsius), the elements in the metal are oxidized by bonding with oxygen. For example, carbon (C) becomes carbon monoxide (CO) or carbon dioxide (CO2) by bonding with oxygen when it is burnt. We use a device called an infrared ray gas analyzer to measure these molecules. Each molecule has the ability to absorb infrared radiation with a particular wavelength, and the analyzer utilizes this characteristic. Amounts of carbon (C) can be calculated by measuring the molecular weight of CO or CO2.
Thanks to light and durable metals, we can make safe, efficient, and environmentally conscious vehicles.
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